Do The Simpsons Follow the Conventions of a Typical...

A sitcom is a situation comedy. In a sitcom there is usually a nuclear family, which involves there being a mum, dad, sister and a brother as the main focus. A normal stock plot for a sitcom is that everything more often than not starts happily and ends pretty much the same. There are a few minor hiccups in-between that are easily worked out. They usually contain farce, satire, and puns or slap stick comedy to amuse the audience. Sitcoms generally last about thirty minutes, for example in ‘My family’ and ‘King of the Hill’. Sitcoms have changed and modernized considerably to fit in and relate to society today. For example the 1950’s sitcom ‘Leave it to Beaver’ was about a typical middle-class†¦show more content†¦Fluffy white clouds part to reveal a perfect blue sky and The Simpsons writing moves toward the screen. The font of the title and the music create an almost heavenly idea of the sitcom. This is perhaps to give the misle ading impression that The Simpsons are yet another perfect television family depicted in a sitcom. Next we meet Bart for the first time. He is in school detention, writing lines on a blackboard. These lines change each episode, making it topical and also drawing people into the show, because they want to see what Bart is going to write. In this particular episode he is writing, â€Å"I will not sell land in Florida†, a reference to the scandal involving former president Bill Clinton selling land in Florida and is an example of one of the jokes only adults may appreciate. He has almost finished writing and is looking rather grumpy when we first see him, then the bell goes for him to leave and his face changes to a grin as he races out of the classroom. He anticipates the bell, showing that this is a routine for him. The music here has altered dramatically compared to the opening and is now more upbeat and almost funny in its own right. The next character we are introduced to is Homer, the father, a large, over-weight man. From what we see of him, he acts very much like his son. He is wearing protective clothing and handling aShow MoreRelatedPostmodernism and the Simpsons10775 Words   |  44 PagesHugvà ­sindadeild Postmodernism and The Simpsons Intertextuality, Hyperreality and Critique of Metanarratives Ritgerà ° til B.A.-prà ³fs Bjà ¶rn Erlingur Flà ³ki Bjà ¶rnsson bjornfloki@gmail.com Kt. 110982-5779 Maà ­ 2006 Abstract This essay offers a postmodernist reading of the popular television program The Simpsons, with special regard to the postmodern theories of intertexuality, hyperreality, and metanarratives. Before delving into The Simpsons, some major theoretical aspects of postmodernism in aestheticRead MoreWatching Tv Makes You Smarter -Steven Johnson Essay4824 Words   |  20 Pagesand personalities, and you get structure that -- where formal complexity is concerned -- more closely resembles Middlemarch than a hit TV drama of years past like Bonanza. For decades, weve worked under the assumption that mass culture follows a path declining steadily toward lowest-common-denominator standards, presumably because the masses want dumb, simple pleasures and big media companies try to give the masses what they want. But as that 24 episode suggests, the exact oppositeRead MoreAmerican Civil Rights Movement Essay15820 Words   |  64 Pagesare elected for 6 years. Powers given to the Congress by the Constitution: To borrow money, collect taxies, regulate trade | To establish inferior courts | To raise the army and navy |To declare war | To establish the Post Office | To make law How do bills become laws? Stage 1: introduction Stage 2: the bill goes to a committee. There are 38 permanent committees in the Congress Stage 3: if they decide to consider the bill, it goes to the subcommittee. They may kill it, but if they approve of itRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 Pages Existence of SEBI naturally gives a confidence to the investors in the share markets. But this regulating agency has failed at various occasions. Thousands of companies vanished eating away lakhs of crores of rupees of investors and SEBI could not do any thing. Sometimes tiny cases of insider trading by companies are investigated by SEBI, fraud of lakhs of crores of rupees gets easily escaped from its scanners. Recently a company made Initial Public Offer (IPO) and lakhs of crores of application

Sample Financial Plan Description Free Essays

We have created a financial plan to help you retire at the age of 62 and afford to send your son, Sam, to college. After looking at the information you gave us regarding your income and expenses, we came up with the best solution for your financial future. We’ve picked out profitable mutual funds for your son’s college, as well as retirement investments. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Financial Plan Description or any similar topic only for you Order Now We also have found different methods of saving money for your retirement and future education for your son. We believe that there will be a great benefit to having a financially stable future. We understand with Sam attending a four-year university, the cost will be great along with the need for saving money for this to work financially. Grand Valley State University will provide an excellent education for your son, along with benefiting him for his future. Overall, it will cost $189,750 to attend Grand Valley State University for four years. We do, however, understand that the cost to attend the university may concern you at first, but there are methods of assistance that are available, such as investments and savings plans. Investing in specific funds, with good performance history, will have a huge advantage in acquiring the money for your son to go to college. We strongly advise investing a portion of your discretionary income into mutual funds. Your discretionary income would be the amount of your income that is left over, after taxes and expenses have been paid. Investing in mutual funds, rather than other investment options, will eliminate the stress and difficultly of trying to time the market. We invested 46% of your discretionary income into four different types of mutual funds, which will provide diversification for your investments. Using a MET and/or a MESP savings plan will create many advantages that will benefit you in sending your son to college. Both, the MET and MESP savings plan, are 529 plans. These are tax-advantaged savings plans specifically designed to encourage saving for future college costs. You are not able to withdraw money that is invested into a 529 plan unless it is an eligible college expense. We feel as though it is a benefit for most because it allows the money to amass without disturbance. The Michigan Education Trust (MET) is a way to help pay tuition and mandatory fees at Michigan public colleges. The plan allows for years of college tuition to be purchased for the future use of a student at today’s price. For example, you could buy four years of tuition now at 2011 prices, which would be $189,750, for Sam to use when he enters college in 2028. Some advantages the MET offers are a state tax deduction and a tax-free growth. The only thing that we want to bring to your attention is that you only have fifteen years to use the tuition benefits, unlike the MESP, which has no expiration date. The Michigan Education Savings Plan (MESP) is an advantageous way to allow your family to save for the expenses that come along with college. The MESP is a 529 college savings plan which allows families to save for tuition, room board, mandatory fees, equipment, and required books for any qualified institution in the nation and some abroad. When the student is ready to use the funds in the MESP, whatever has been accumulated is what they have to work with. Some benefits of the MESP include: a state tax deduction, tax-free growth, and it allows for unused benefits to be transferred between members of the same family. We would recommend this plan over the MET to your family. The MET will cover tuition fees; although, it lacks the flexibility to pay for other related expenses, such as books, supplies, and other miscellaneous items. A mutual fund is an investment in which a company brings together money from many investors and invests it in stocks, bonds or other assets. Mutual funds are a good long-term investment, such as for your retirement. The risk level depends on the type of mutual fund it is. In your case, we chose the mutual fund with the best performance out of each different type. We recommend taking the remaining portion of your discretionary income, which would be 54%, and invest it just as we did for your son’s education. Mutual funds that are properly diversified will have investment dollars spread equally among four different classes of financial assets. We invested the remaining portion of your discretionary income into the same four mutual funds that were used for your college savings. We chose to invest in an international mutual fund, the New World Fund, which has a 9. 55% rate of return. We also chose an aggressive growth mutual fund, the SMALLCAP World Fund, which has a 9. 62% rate of return. Thirdly, we invested in a growth mutual fund with a 13. 63% rate of return, known as the Growth Fund of America. And lastly, we chose a Growth and Income mutual fund, the Capital World Growth and Income Fund, with has an 11. 17% rate of return. When diversifying the money in which you would like to invest, the smartest decision that you could make would be to invest in the four mutual funds that I just stated or funds that fit into each of the four different classes. This helps to reduce risk, such as if a couple securities in the mutual fund lose value and that loss could compensate for other securities that appreciate in value. When reaching the retirement age you can then transfer your gained revenue from all four of your mutual funds and place it into a bond fund. Bond mutual funds are designed mostly to provide investors with a steady stream of income versus capital gains. These funds are debt securities, or IOUs, which are issued with a promise of repayment on a certain date at a specified rate of interest. For your financial plan, all of your gained revenue was placed into a bond mutual fund as soon as you retired, therefore liquidating your riskier assets. Using this bond fund, you are earning a 5% interest every year. For example, the first year of retirement, after removing your yearly expenses, you will have $678,785 to place in your bond fund. At the end of the year, with the 5% interest rate of return on bond fund, you will have profited $1,139. 70 throughout the year, even after your expenses. We recommend that you invest in at least one retirement savings plan, such as a 401k or a Roth IRA, to securely save for retirement. It is a good idea to look into different savings plans, rather than make a hasty decision, because everyone benefits from a different savings plan, depending on their situation. In your case, the Roth IRA or 401k will be the most beneficial. With both of these retirement savings plans there are tax breaks that will benefit you. These savings plans are greatly used in America to help save for retirement nowadays. Each savings plan offers different advantages for couples saving for retirement. A 401k is a retirement savings plan for employees in which a desired amount of your check is taken out before tax deductions and placed into your 401k account. We understand that you have a pension plan through work, but your wife does not. This type of savings plan would be a great way to save for retirement. 401k is the favorite plan for corporate America today, due to its many advantages. Many employers will match, up to a certain percentage, the amount in which you place into your 401k. Invisible savings is one of the biggest advantages to the 401k savings plan. The money saved is taken directly out of you check weekly, even before the income tax is withdrawn. In doing so, this makes the money seem invisible to your eyes, and to your financial pocket book. There are other beneficial savings plans available, which can be used along with the 401k. Roth IRA’s are after- tax IRA’s. They grow tax free and offer many more choices than the normal IRA. Roth IRA’s are a good choice when it comes to saving for retirement. Even though you contribute after-tax dollars into a Roth IRA, all withdraws are completely tax free if you are over the age of 59 ? and have had the account for 5 years. With Roth IRA’s, unlike a tradition IRA or a 401k plan, there are no required minimum distributions. Direct contributions can be withdrawn at any time as well. Roth IRA’s can be set up on top of already existing retirement plans; as well the assets can be passed onto beneficiaries after death, therefore leaving an inheritance for your family. We are sure that we have supplied you with a detailed overview in helping you to be financially secure now and in the future. In taking the advice that we have given you with these many different investment ideas, you will find yourself more than content financially. We can guarantee that down the road, you will not have to worry about your financial status. Although in actuality, it is important to remember that building wealth takes time. However, the acquisition of your financial contentment will be well worth your time. We hope, here at LN Financial Planning, that providing you with this letter will give you the financial peace of mind that you and your family deserve. How to cite Sample Financial Plan Description, Papers

Lab report about tensile testing free essay sample

Introduction This mechanical testing is demonstrated the relationship between stain and stress for a certain material while it undergoes a tension force. And define the type of facture of them, which are two metallic, copper and low carbon steel and two polymeric, acrylic and acetone. Background Stress-strain curves show the response of material to an applied stress. It’s depend on the strain rate, temperature, and environmental conditions. They allow important information such as a material’s elastic modulus and yield stress to be determined. Elastic deformation in polymers takes place by stretching and chain aligning. And elongation of amorphous tie chains so the stress-strain behavior is brittle. For metal is plastic. Engineering stress and strain (also sometimes called nominal stress and strain) are calculated based on the original dimensions of the material in question. True stress and strain are calculated based on the actual dimensions of the material. Method Install the given copper cylinder into the Hounsfield H20K-W testing machines after measured the length and the diameter of it by using a Vernier caliper and a ruler. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report about tensile testing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then set the X and Y vector of machine to the zero and operate the machine. Make sure the connection between copper and the force measurement is fixed and tight before operate it. There are two value displaced on the displayer, one is the current force load and one is the maximum load. It should take a while for the elongation until it broke. Another thing is we need to measure is the elongation at fracture and the reduction in area at fracture. But for the polymeric, since they have different shape to metallic, they are clamped by a big metal clamp not just install it into the machine which mean install the metal clamp to two end of the connector and clamp the sample up. And because of the cross-section area is rectangle, we need to measure depth and width instead of the diameter. The computer will record the data for every elongation and force load. From the breaking surface of the sample we can define the type of fracture by ease. If smooth, is fast fracture. If not, then isn’t. Result Discussion and conclusions

Killer Tips for Streamlining Your Copy, Part 1

KILLER TIPS FOR STREAMLINING YOUR COPY, PART 1 As any writer knows, getting that first draft down on paper is only half the battle. Whether you’re writing web copy, a sales email, or a journalistic article, chances are, you and your editing team will go through a few rounds of tweaking and fine-tuning before your work is really done. So, I’ve decided to do a little mini-series to share some of my favorite writing and editing tips. One of the really cool things about writing is, it’s always a work in progress – there are always things you can do to make your writing clearer, or more powerful, or just more interesting. And, if you write every day, you’re constantly honing your craft. From major rewrites to itty-bitty changes in word choice or punctuation, there are about a million things you can do to change, improve, and streamline your work. Here are three of my favorite ways to pack more punch into your prose: 1. Pump up your verbs. Once you’ve gotten a first draft down, go back and examine all of the verbs you’ve used. Do they actually say what you want them to say? Are they big, strong verbs that leap off the page and carry your message loud and clear, or are they timid little things that barely make a squeak? Here’s what I mean: Photo by jmtimagesOriginal: At the press conference, President Obama went to the podium and talked to reporters about the latest financial news. Okay, so maybe he did, but the verbs in this sentence are completely lifeless. Talk about a big, fat yawn. Went? Seriously? Blech. How about this: Better: At the press conference, President Obama strode to the podium and shocked reporters with the latest financial news. See the difference? Stronger, more specific verbs like â€Å"strode† and â€Å"shocked† give the sentence new life – and new meaning. Verbs, after all, don’t just tell what someone did – when used correctly, they also give you a clue about how they did it. This sentence would have an entirely different meaning if we’d used the verbs â€Å"stomped† and â€Å"barked at† or â€Å"crept† and â€Å"dodged.† 2. Steer clear of the passive voice. Even if you’re ever-vigilant about avoiding the passive voice, occasionally, a sentence or two sneaks under the radar and makes itself at home. For some reason, a lot of beginning writers think that the passive voice makes them sound more, I don’t know . . . writerly? But really, the passive voice just sounds funny and stilted. To a reader, the passive voice lacks the sense of action and the â€Å"this-is-happening-right-now-as-we-speak† element. Plus, in real life, we just don’t talk like this. So, unless there is a seriously compelling reason to do otherwise, make sure that all of your sentences are active. Here’s what I mean: Original: The blog was written by Stephanie. Simply flipping the sentence around will give you an active, more immediate sentence: Better: Stephanie wrote the blog. 3. Go easy on adverbs. I was at the bookstore the other day and I saw a book on writing that was called something like, â€Å"If You Catch an Adverb, Kill It.† I haven’t read the book, and I can’t remember who wrote it, but the title alone is a valuable little nugget of wisdom. In general, a strong verb (see tip #1) is WAY better and more effective than almost any adverb. Of course, there are a zillion exceptions to this, and, of course, every writer uses adverbs to some degree. But use too many, and you’ll start to sound silly. A good example of adverb abuse is Danielle Steele – her books are just bursting with characters who are â€Å"sneering menacingly† or â€Å"whipping their raven-colored hair about angrily† or â€Å"sighing longingly.† When you’re finished writing, a good idea is to go back through and try to cut as many adverbs as you can. Bust out your thesaurus and find a good, strong verb to use instead. So: Ramona gazed into Dirk’s eyes dreamily and kissed him sloppily. Becomes: Ramona fixed her aquamarine eyes on Dirk’s. Their eyes met and their lips joined in a passionate kiss. Ick. But you get the idea, right? That’s it for now. Check in next week for more tips, and happy writing! Related articles Better writing: The active voice (billbennettnz.wordpress.com)

How To Measure A Firm Financial Perfomance Example

How To Measure A Firm Financial Perfomance Example How To Measure A Firm Financial Perfomance – Article Example How to Measure a Firm’s Financial Performance There are a number of ways to measure a firm’s financial performance. While there are competing theories on the matter, most analysts agree that all elements must be considered in aggregation (Helft 2003). Within this context of understanding, the firm’s revenue from operations, operating income or cash flow, and net income are all important considerations (Helft 2003). There are a number of further measures that examine these figures in aggregation. One of the most prominent is referred to as return on equity (ROE). ROE measures accounting earning for a period per dollar of shareholders’ equity invested. ROE is a popular determinant as it incorporates many important aspect of the company’s balance sheet (Helft 2003). Still, ROE has been shown to have some shortcomings including the timing and risk problems that considers, respectively, the firm’s performance in relation to past quarters and poten tial risk investments (Helft 2003). The value problem is another challenge to ROE investment analysis (Helft 2003). Another prominent means of investigating financial performance is through profit margin. (Higgins 2000) Analysts can use profit margin to measure a firm’s supply chain management and pricing strategy. Another prominent strategy is asset turnover, as this gives insight into business practices. Financial leverage is another important measure of financial performance (Higgins 2000). Financial leverage measures a firm’s assets in relation to the shareholders’ equity. While these financial measures are all important as measures of a firm’s financial performance, it’s necessary to consider these performance measures relative to other companies in the sector and in terms of macroeconomic market fluctuations. ReferencesHelft, E. (2003). Techniques of Financial Analysis. McGraw Hill. Higgins, R. (2000). Analysis for Financial Management. McGra w-Hill.

Individual Adaptations Versus Population Evolution

Individual Adaptations Versus Population Evolution One common misconception about evolution is the idea that individuals can evolve, but they can only accumulate adaptations that help them survive in an environment. While it is possible for these individuals in a species to mutate and have changed made to their  DNA, evolution is a term specifically defined by the change in DNA of the majority of a population. In other words, mutations or adaptations do not equal evolution. There are no species alive today that have individuals that live long enough to see all of the evolution happen to its species- a new species may diverge from an existing species’ lineage, but this was a build up of new traits over a long period of time and did not happen instantaneously. So if individuals cannot evolve on their own, how then does evolution occur? Populations evolve through a process known as natural selection which allows individuals with beneficial traits for survival to breeding with other individuals who share those traits, eventually leading to offspring who only exhibit those superior traits. Understanding Populations, Evolution, and Natural Selection In order to understand why individual mutations and adaptations are not in and of themselves evolutionary, its important to first understand the core concepts behind evolution and population studies.  Ã‚   Evolution is defined as a change in the inheritable characteristics of a population of several successive generations while a population is defined as a group of individuals within a single species that live in the same area and can interbreed. Populations of individuals in the same species have a collective gene pool in which all future offspring will draw their genes from, which allows natural selection to work on the population and determine which individuals are more â€Å"fit† for their environments. The aim is to increase those favorable traits in the gene pool while weeding out the ones that not favorable; natural selection cannot work on a single individual because there are not competing traits in the individual to choose between. Therefore, only populations can evolve using the mechanism of natural selection. Individual Adaptations as a Catalyst for Evolution This isnt to say that these individual adaptations do not play a role in the process of evolution within a population- in fact, mutations that benefit certain individuals may result in that individual being more desirable for mating, increasing the likelihood of that particular beneficial genetic trait in the collective gene pool of the population. Over the course of several generations, this original mutation could affect the entire population, eventually resulting in offspring only being born with this beneficial adaptation that one individual in the population had out of some fluke of the animals conception and birth. For instance, if a new city was built on the edge of the natural habitat of monkeys that had never been exposed to human life and one individual in that population of monkeys were to mutate to be less afraid of human interaction and could therefore interact with the human population and perhaps get some free food, that monkey would become more desirable as a mate and would pass those docile genes onto its offspring. Eventually, the offspring of that monkey and that monkeys offspring would overwhelm the population of formerly feral monkeys, creating a new population that had evolved to be more docile and trusting of their new human neighbors.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Marketing - Essay Example IMC is considered as a magical bullet that enhances greater efficiencies of a business because it is an effective technique of communicating business goals, vision and mission, brand messages and any important messages to its people, especially customers. This research paper addresses marketing theories and underlying principles regarding Integrated Marketing Communication and examines how these have been practiced by Fly Emirates Airlines. In detailing the IMC practices of Emirates Airlines, this piece of research attempts to find various advertising and promotional activities that Emirates Company adopted to examine how they are integrated. Integrated marketing Communication Integrated Marketing Communication is a marketing communication strategy that a company aligns its communication objectives with business goals in order to accelerate its returns (Schultz and Schultz 2004, p. 3). IMC is a strategic and management tool that can help a company achieve greater competitive advantag es and ensure long-term profitability. It is used to plan, design and establish well-organized and coordinated brand communication program with customers, shareholders, employees and other stakeholders to ensure effectiveness and consistency in messages to be delivered (Belch and Belch 2007, p. 11). As Pride and Ferrell (2007, p. 493) explained, Integrated marketing Communication is an effective coordination of promotion and other marketing efforts to ensure maximum informational and persuasive impact on customers. A marketer thus requires to develop and employ broad perspectives in coordinating this marketing efforts and mainly to ensure sending consistent messages to customers. Lamb, Hair and McDaniel 2008, p. 413) defined IMC as an effective coordination of all promotional messages, including traditional advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, event marketing and public relation for a particular company’s product or services, so as to ensure consistency in every me ssages that company delivers or meets its customers with. This definition highlights a number of significant features, they are, effective coordination among more than one communication tools, ensuring consistency in messages etc. Maintaining consistency in communicating brand messages is critical element to create and build brand loyalty. The IMC of Emirates Airlines Emirates Airlines is one of the world’s fastest growing Airline companies and recently ranked to be world’s second most profitable carrier, just behind Singapore Airlines. Even when international airline industry has been experiencing an accumulated losses of more than $6 billion, Emirates Airline was able to increase its returns by 48 % to $ 637 million. Emirates Airline is part of the state-owned Emirate Group which is a large and diversified travel umbrella group wholly owned by the Dubai State (Graham, Papatheodorou and Forsyth 2010, p. 157). Behind the success of Emirates Airlines was its advertising campaigns that not only gave it informative and persuasive advantages but also helped the company gain access to a large number of markets. Emirates Airline has attracted tourists, businessmen and investors to United Arab Emirates which in turn accelerated the economic development of the country as well. Emirates Airline has long been depending on various types of advertising modes and implementing different promotional techniques.

Sustainable Development and its overall impact Assignment

Sustainable Development and its overall impact - Assignment Example It is related with the utilisation of resources, excess consumption of resources, insufficiency, human rights and availability of facilities. Therefore, evaluation of sustainable development should accept a time limit which can capture both human and environment and react with the requirement of future and present generation. Proper anticipation of future needs should be done on the basis of historic circumstances. The sustainable framework of an organisation should link with the chosen vision and objectives of organisation. A number of measurement amalgamations are effective to provide vibrant indication of progress towards sustainability. By associating the measurement value with the target, organisations can comprehend the ways and the tendencies towards sustainable development (Hardi & Zdan, 1997). Values and Beliefs: Values and beliefs are vital for management of sustainability. Therefore, organisations ought to ensure a level of openness in their operations which can ensure tru st and faith. There is need for applying considerable level of transparency in business performances which also includes measurement of sustainable progress. In order to add value, organisations can maintain close interaction with the government and the public. The involvement of people such as professionals, social groups comprising youths and ethnic people can help to ensure acknowledgement of miscellaneous and fluctuating values. Participations of communities can also help to secure an organisation by connecting implemented policies with consequential actions (International Energy Agency, 2006). Evaluation of Sustainable Development: Organisations need to be iterative, adaptive and reactive to any kind of... Center of discussion in this paper is sustainable development as a kind of development which satisfies the requisites of present times without sacrificing the aptitudes of upcoming generations to satisfy their own requirements. In relation to the case there are five major aspects of sustainable development principles which are: establishing vision, universal perception, needs and rights, values and beliefs, evaluation of sustainable development. Sustainable development is an extensive concept where human and organisational actions can affect the environment and social welfare. Organisations along with individuals have responsibilities to promote sustainable development. From the above analysis of cases, it can be observed that several organisations and bodies implement different measures to protect and to restore the environment and natural resources. In order to accomplish a positive future, above aspects should be considered by organisations and should also implement measures that can reduce the negative environmental impacts. Organisational structure and culture should be changed and adjusted towards better sustainability and the organisations also need to comply with the rules and the regulations of environment. In order to enhance the biodiversity, several projects have been undertaken as a part of sustainable development. One such project is development of â€Å"Bird Flapper† where a disk is linked with the power lines.

Competency Goal Essay Example for Free

Competency Goal Essay Functional Area #1 Safe: In order to provide a safe environment and teach children safe practices to prevent and reduce injuries I do the following: †¢I always do my classroom counts every 30 minutes, or more often when necessary, to make sure that my head count matches the actual number of children in my classroom. †¢Our centers are set up to reduce open floor space and the opportunity to run freely indoors †¢I check all toys and equipment for broken or missing parts often to ensure they remain safe for use and play. †¢I ensure that all chemicals and cleaning supplies are put away out of the reach of children or stored in locked cabinets to prevent injury or poisoning. †¢I keep my emergency routes posted and easily visible and my emergency contacts are always with me in a binder and easily accessible. †¢I am trained in emergency evacuation procedures and plans to remove all children from the classroom and/or building in the event of a tornado or fire †¢I am certified in First Aid, CPR, and Pediatric First Aid which makes me knowledgeable of caring for accidents or injuries. Functional Area #2 Healthy: In order to provide an environment that promotes health and prevents illness, and teaches children about good nutrition and practices that promote Wellness, I do the following: †¢Cleaning and sanitizing classroom items, including future toys, a task done multiple times a day. I sanitize all toys immediately after being put into a child’s mouth, to prevent the spread of germs. †¢ I wash my hands wear gloves before after handling food, helping with toileting, cleaning noses to prevent germs from being spread. †¢ I follow the center’s policies for sick children to prevent other illnesses in the classroom. †¢We also serve Healthy Balanced meals breakfast, lunch snack. Functional Area #3 – Learning Environment: In order to use relationships, the physical space, materials, daily schedule, and routines to create a secure, interesting, and enjoyable environment that promotes engagement, play exploration, and learning of all children including children with disabilities and special needs, I do the following: †¢I have made sure that all Centers are laid out to help Children better benefit in learning. By putting the quite, busy messy centers together. †¢We also have an ABC carpet that’s just for group time. Limit 10 to 15mins †¢I have put out many different learning activities for each center. Reading has lots of books, writing has name cards letter strips, Dramatic Play table toys has theme related items. Blocks have cars, animals, dollhouse furniture. Science has Theme related items Art I put out different things weekly to keep the Creativity going. †¢Also during the day we have group time twice, free time, small groups twice, outdoor play twice when weather permits nap.

Arctic and Alpine Soils Essay -- Argriculture Research Papers

Arctic and Alpine Soils Proposal (Ant)arctic (high-latitude) and alpine (mountain) areas are affected by relatively similar climates, as latitude and altitude produce similar meteorologic effects. In these geographic regions where temperature is at such a pronounced extreme, climate would seem to be the leading factor of soil development. It is my goal in this research paper to answer the following question: How do the soils of arctic and alpine areas differ? This idea, taken largely from an abstract by Birkeland (1975), will be explored through the comparison of the soils of these two geographic regions, and an analysis of the soil development factors in those environments. Introduction Both high-latitude and high-altitude regions are subject to climates that are dominated by extreme cold for at least part of the year. This extreme characteristic creates within these regions a stark environmental contrast to most other geographic regions of Earth, pairing with climate a different and uncommon set of geomorphologic features on the thin surficial layer of the planet. Dokuchaev (1886 & ca. 1900; and 1899, as quoted by Afanasiev (1927); and Gerasimov (1956), respectively) made progressive early studies in soil science in the Caucausus Mountains and in Arctic Russia and applied a theory that drew an analog between vertical and horizontal zonality. He observed that biota and temperature changed drastically at increasing elevations in much the way that the same characteristics vary with increasing latitude. Dokuchaev then extrapolated that the variation in biota and temperature would also indicate similar changes in soil types, but did so without sufficient observed suppor t. While this hypothesis was a brilliant step in ea... ... problem. Biul. Peryglacjalny (Lodz) 22:285--294. _______. 1973b. Soils of the polar region of North America. Biul. Peryglacjalny (Lodz), 23:157-165. _______. 1977. Soils of the Polar Landscapes Rutgers, the State university of New Jersey. 637 pp. Tedrow, J. C. F. et al. 1958. Major genetic soils of the Arctic Slope of Alaska. J. Soil Sci. 9:33-45. Ugolini, F. C. and Tedrow, J. C. F. 1963. Soils of the Brooks Range, Alaska 3: Rendzina of the arctic. Soil Sci. 96:121-127. Walton, G. F. 1972. The high arctic environment and Polar desert soils. Ph.D. thesis, Rutgers University. 479 pp. Williams, P. J. 1957. The direct recording of solifluction movements. Amer. J. Sci., 257:481-490. Zakharov, S. A. 1927. Achievements of Russian science in morphology of soils. Russian Pedological Investigations, Soviet Acad. Sci. (Leningrad), Chap. 2 (47 pp.).

Importance of Time Management Essay

Time management is important in any situation and most people have difficulty getting started. Time management is a skill that you have to learn. Time management is a life style. The best place to begin working on time management is by changing your behaviors and your environment. The definition of time management is: getting everything done in the allotted amount of time. It is a budgeting process of effectively using the time you have and getting rid of â€Å"useless† time. Organizing your activities in a sequence that best utilizes your time. Time management includes your personal life and business life. Time management is efficiency of your time. Analyze your current time and think how you can make better use of your time. One of the greatest assets a business can have is an employee who uses his or her time to its fullest potential. Time management is not an instinct, and instead, must be learned. Unfortunately, few schools or parents teach children basic time management skills. Using time wisely allows a person to complete tasks in an allotted time period, take on additional work, or spend more time with family. There are many things in an office environment that prevent effective time use. Interruptions are time-wasters, especially since items one may consider urgent are not necessarily important. There is no way to preplan the time and duration of an interruption, which may cause a loss of train-of-thought, difficulty concentrating, or complete memory lapse. Although it is difficult to avoid interruptions, there are methods for limiting their duration and impact on your schedule. In his book, The Effective Executive, Peter Drucker describes the technique of an executive for whom he once worked. Drucker met with the executive once per month, for an hour and a half. The meetings were never interrupted because the executive pre-planned a half-hour of time after the meeting in which to retrieve messages and return calls. The executive believed that there was no crisis in his business which could not wait 90-minutes. Additional suggestions for avoiding or limiting the duration of interruptions include: 1. If possible, rearrange office furniture to form a subconscious barrier between visitors and yourself. Seat yourself in a position where you are able to see the entrance to your space. Place your computer, desk or a table between you and the door. Although system furniture is a popular, cost-effective solution to furnishing open office  areas, it doesn’t lend itself well to this suggestion. 2. When visitors approach you, only turn your head toward them. Leave your body turned toward your task. This posture should inform the interrupter that you are occupied with a task. 3. Request that a receptionist screen calls, especially when meetings or high priority projects are in progress. Shopping mall A shopping mall is a modern, chiefly North American, term for a form of shopping precinct or shopping centre, in which one or more buildings form a complex of shops representing merchandisers with interconnecting walkways that enable customers to walk from unit to unit. A shopping arcade is a specific form serving the same purpose. Many early shopping arcades such the Burlington Arcade in London, the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan and numerous arcades in Paris are famous and still trading. However, many smaller arcades have been demolished, replaced with large centers or â€Å"malls†, often accessible by vehicle. Technical innovations such as electric lighting and escalators were introduced from the late nineteenth century. From the late twentieth century, entertainment venues such as movie theaters and restaurants began to be added. As a single built structure, early shopping centers were often architecturally significant constructions, enabling wealthier patrons to b uy goods in spaces protected from the weather.

Calvin Klein – Brand Audit Questionnaire

Brand Exploratory Research (Consumer perspective) By doing this research, we intend to find the health of the brand, its sources of equity and suggest improvements if any. Name: Age: Gender: How often do you purchase dresses of the brand Calvin Klein? a. < 4 months b. 4-6 months c. 6-10 months d. Once a year e. Other How would you rate the following brand personality elements associated with Calvin Klein Products? (1-lowest and 5-highest) Brand Element| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Authentic| | | | | | Excitement| | | | | |Freshness| | | | | | Rich| | | | | | Ruggedness| | | | | | Stylish| | | | | | Smooth | | | | | | Happiness| | | | | | Status symbol| | | | | | Successful| | | | | | Variety| | | | | | Rate the following products of Calvin Klein according to your perception of like/dislike (1-lowest & 5-highest) Product Name| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Calvin Klein Collection| | | | | | Jeans| | | | | | Kids Wear| | | | | | Footwear & Shoes| | | | | | Perfumes/fragrances| | | | | | Skinny Jeans| | | | | | Underwear| | | | | |Swimwear| | | | | | Suits| | | | | | Polo T-shirt| | | | | | Accessories (handbags, belts, scarves, umbrella)| | | | | | When you think about the Calvin Klein, what product category immediately comes to mind? a. Calvin Klein collections b. Calvin Klein Menswear c. Calvin Klein Women Wear d. Calvin Klein Kids Wear e. Calvin Klein Sportswear What are the brand promotion elements that you have helped you identify Calvin Klein brand? Brand Element| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Logo| | | | | | Tagline/Slogan| | | | | |Television Advertisements| | | | | | CK Symbol| | | | | | Celebrities| | | | | | Online store/Website| | | | | | Billboards| | | | | | QR Codes| | | | | | Please choose a brand that you believe best describes each quality. Choose none if you feel none of the choice apply Trait| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Cool| | | | | | Young| | | | | | Contemporary| | | | | | Trendy| | | | | | Charming| | | | | | Upper class| | | | | | Friendly| | | | | | Glamorous | | | | | | Masculine | | | | | | Feminine| | | | | | Wholesome| | | | | |Confidence| | | | | | Cheerful| | | | | | Corporate| | | | | | What is your annual income? a. < 3 lakhs b. 3 to 6 lakhs c. 6 to 10 lakhs d. 10 to 15 lakhs e. > 15 lakhs When you think about your favourite brand of Calvin Klein, does this brand remind you of a person? a. Yes b. No Who makes the majority of purchasing decisions in your household? a. Spouse b. Yourself c. Joint decision d. Other How do you find out the latest product in the market? a. Fashion Magazines b. Television c. Internet d. Shopping Store e. Others

Abolition of the British Monarchy essays

Abolition of the British Monarchy essays My chosen topic is the issue of whether the British monarchy should be abolished. I believe that it should and I have four main reasons to support my views and I believe that I can persuade royalists that the idea of a monarchy should be abandoned. The four reasons are firstly the effect the British monarchy has on the idea of a democracy, the effects they have on society, the political powers they behold and the money spent both on and by them. The royal family is under fire from many quarters over their marital mishaps and financial indiscretions. But the problems with the royals go far deeper than that. I see the existence of the monarchy as a symbol of much that is wrong with British society and its political system today. Increasing democracy is by far the most important and powerful reason to ditch the monarchy. The word democracy is ultimately derived from a term comprised of demos the people and kratos strength and power. So basically democracy means the power lies in the hands of the people. In most developed countries, this entails the direct election of a Parliament and an elected head of state. Unfortunately, Britain has lagged behind other developed countries in both these areas. Our head of state and, until recently, the majority of the House of Lords assumed power and influence solely because of which families they were born into. This makes Britain a relatively undemocratic country in an increasingly democratic world. Rule by inheritance in general makes no sense and cannot be justified nowadays. To have the title of Head of State passed through heredity is just ridiculous. The monarchy is unaccountable, insular secretive, unrepresentative and illogical. Not enviable qualities in the twenty- first century. A modern, forward-looking state needs and elected Head of State not least because this represents a symbol of the countrys intentions and essentia...

Air Asia Essay Example for Free (#4)

Air Asia Essay Essay Topic: Citation , Academic dishonesty Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Haven't found the essay you want? Get your custom sample essay for only $13.90/page ? A. Late Submission A 10% deduction per day of total coursework marks (excluding weekends and public holidays). Late submission between 5 to 10 days, results in a 50% deduction of total coursework marks. Late submission past 10 days results in an automatic 0% for coursework and the student will be barred from the final examination. B. Deliverables Students must submit all materials supporting their coursework listed in the deliverable section. The coursework must be done individually and must be entirely your own work. Please make sure that you are aware of the rules concerning plagiarism. If you are unclear about them, please consult your program coordinator/lecturer. The coursework should exhibit formal research skills i. e. with a table of content, proper citations, references, and appendices. The coursework write up must be able to demonstrate critical analysis and application of both theory and practical issues to the company that you have selected. Student may include additional relevant data/information apart from the proposed guidelines in conjunction to your research. Additional marks will be awarded for such attempt. A CD containing the softcopy version of your coursework should be submitted as well (if required). BACHELOR OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (HONS) & BACHELOR OF ACCOUNTING (HONS) COURSEWORK – QUESTIONS Choose one of the strategic change and management framework highlighted below and critically analyze and evaluate with supporting examples. PEST Analysis Porter’s 5 Forces Porter’s Value Chain Your report should attempt the following tasks: a) Discussion of the principles underlying the framework. b) A critical evaluation on the application of the framework in actual business context. c) Relating the framework to an organization of your choice. Your report should include: Cover Page Grading Scheme Executive Summary Table of Content Questions (a) & (c) List of References/Bibliography Appendices (if relevant) BACHELOR OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (HONS) Guidelines (1) Your mark in this coursework will carry a 25% weight in the assessment of your overall performance in this module. (2) You will be working on this coursework individually. (3) The assignment will be in a report format of not more than 1,500 words. (4) Appropriate APA referencing system will be employed where applicable. (5) Your assignment should be type written, 1 ? line spaced, font 12 Times New Roman and justify aligned. Please staple and do not comb bind. (6) Please provide an executive summary, table of content, page number, proper heading title for each part answered and references. (7) Use an appropriate cover sheet. (8) Please attach a copy of the grading scheme at the front of your coursework (after the Cover Page) during submission. (9) The assignment will be submitted on 25th October 2012 (Thursday) in class. Assignment of Grades for Written Work Written assignments will be graded according to the following distribution: 70%: Content (thoroughness of preparation, information, and content) 20%: Style (grammar, writing quality, clarity of writing at the sentence level) 10%: Presentation (organization, clarity of writing at the paper level) What this means in practice is that if you do the work, but don’t organize your thoughts or write clearly, you will end with at most a B. However, you will not be given full credit for content if the lecturer cannot understand what you’re saying, so if you don’t write clearly, you will probably end up losing points on content as well. BACHELOR OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (HONS) Academic Dishonesty As stated in the faculty Handbook, cheating, including plagiarism will not be tolerated. All written work, including paper summaries, must be your own work. If you wish to quote a source, you must do so explicitly, and with proper attribution. Any work that does not meet the requirements set out above will be treated as a violation of the academic honesty policy for the class, and dealt with accordingly. Air Asia. (2016, Jul 30).

Temperature Control In Foods (Milk) Delivered To Hospitals In Saudi Research Proposal

Temperature Control In Foods (Milk) Delivered To Hospitals In Saudi Arabia - Research Proposal Example This research study is likely to make a significant difference with regard to milk storage and delivery not only in the medical setting but also in other sectors like milk processing and storage in retail shops such as supermarkets. This will be achieved as a result of the researcher making applicable recommendations that are within the requirements of the Saudi Food & Drug Authority, the body that is in charge of ensuring that all food substances reaching the citizens are within the required standards. The body works with other relevant stakeholders like the ministry of health in cross-examining the quality of the foodstuffs and drugs in the state's market. This research conducts using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, meaning that the researcher will combine both qualitative and quantitative research concepts. The researcher uses quantitative tactics in collecting data relating to temperature control in milk delivered in hospitals in Saudi Arabia. During this research study, the researcher is not likely to be in a situation that may lead to a violation of respondents’ rights. However, the researcher will safeguard respondents’ right to privacy by withholding any information that they may feel confident or secretive like business secrets, profitability, or any other area that the researcher may be interested in investigating. In addition, the researcher will ensure that respondents are aware that their businesses are being examined for academic purposes though the findings may be used as reference sources during other studies.

A Second Look At The History Of Christianity Annotated Bibliography

A Second Look At The History Of Christianity - Annotated Bibliography Example The primary focus of this paper is to take a second look at the origins of Christianity specifically in the teachings of Jesus Christ and study this in the light of the historical flaws in the life of the church. What was the original message of Jesus Christ and did he really plan to build a big institutionalized church named after him? Did Jesus Christ really want to have more than 41,000 feuding denominations all claiming to be Christian churches and almost all claiming to be the only way towards salvation? Is Jesus Christ now smiling at how the Catholic Church, the Mainline Protestant Churches, the New Religious Movements, the Pentecostals, the Evangelicals, the Fundamentalists, the liberation theologians not to mention fanatical sects and cults are now behaving? What really happened to the history of the church and is there a possibility that all these churches be One? Although there are now different versions and translations of the Bible, it cannot be contested that Christ want s all to be one, just as he and the Father are one. In the Gospel of John chapter 17:21, Jesus prays, â€Å"that they may all be one. As you, Father, are in me and I am in you, may they also be in us, so that the world may believe that you have sent me" (International Council of Religious Education, 1977). The fact remains that christian churches are divided. This is not to mention the 30 years war betweeen the Protestants and the Catholics, the Wars during the Reformation, and the countless martyrdoms on every side all in the name of Christianity. The fact remains is that these shisms are not simple differences as they have already led to bloodshed and religious discrimination and even major wars. Simply look at the illustration below (The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, December 19, 2011): The Protestants, claiming that they have found the original message of Christ, were not exempted from division. See the figure below (Protestant Branches, 1997). To date there are about 41 ,000 registered Christian sects and denominations all claiming to be unique, different, and having the right path to salvation (The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, December 19, 2011). In fact most of these organizations would affirm the call for unity. There is also a recent encyclical by Pope John Paul II entitled Ut Unum Sint meaning, â€Å"That All may be One† calling for oneness and ecumenism. This encyclical recognizes that Christian prejudices have become too heavy a burden and outlines the processes towards mutual respect and unity among the different Christian denominations. (Paul, 1995). Despite Jesus’ prayer for unity, Christian churches became divided. Here is a detailed study of the various divisions that occurred within the Christian churches. In a sense, it is going to be a second look at church history and in the end, this paper will ask the question if it is possible to overlook the differences for the sake of a higher principle which is the messag e of the Gospel and Christian unity. The Debate between Saint Peter and Saint Paul James Dunn gives an enlightening discussion on the early church specifically on the debate of Saint Peter and Saint Paul. Both of these saints believe that the second coming of Christ will come within their lifetimes but both advocated different pathways. In his book, Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, Dunn relates how Saint Peter wishes the Gospel to be preached to the Jews first and how Saint Paul advocates the preaching of the Gospel to the gentiles. It must be noted however that Saint Peter was not exclusivist. He only wanted to preach to the Jews first as a matter of priority but he is open to convert other people besides Jews. Besides the issue of who to prioritize the preaching of the Gospel to, considering the imminence of Christ’s Second Coming, there are also major cultural differences among the two

The Tryals of Joseph Dawson, Edward Forseith, William May, [brace] Essay

The Tryals of Joseph Dawson, Edward Forseith, William May, [brace] William Bishop, James Lewis, and John Sparkes for several piracies and robberies by them committed - Essay Example 3-7). On the other hand, the witnesses for the kings were sworn in whereby, the Grand Jury withdrew and returned back afterwards and the case proceeds (Dawson, p.3-5). Five men were found guilty namely John sparks, William Bishop, William May, Edward Forseith, James Lewis. This is because the five men participated directly or indirect in piracy crime (Dawson, p. 24-26).On the other hand, Joseph Dawson was considered innocent because he was not on board unlike other culprits who witnessed the crime and decided to remain quite(Dawson, p. 24-26). Additionally, the judges considered group involvement to commit a felony as complicity whereby, a syndicate or a group of gang located in different locations whether on the sea or in the land corporate to commit a felony (Dawson, p. 23-27). The result of poor circumstance may be attributed to lack of a comprehensive structure that defines the rimes of piracy crime (Dawson, p. 24-26). In above connection, judge Charles Hedge an expert in law defined crime of piracy as robbery of the sea whereby, sea bandits hijacked captains, ships and cargo on board and take cargo and money. This crime may include all crimes but not limited to those committed on air, land, internet and water bodies (Dawson, p. 18-25). Additionally, crime of piracy may involve unlawful acts or attempts to steal from pirates both from the water bodies and even out side the sea (Dawson, p. 18-25). On the other hand, defense attorney asserted that their clients did not commit any acts of piracy because they did not forcefully rob or removed any thing of value from the ship. Therefore, their acts were not within the scope of piracy crime as defined by the judge (Dawson, p. 22-24). Additionally, future lawyers should focus on the actual structure and organization of a pirate trial. This is because, the structures in this case were not specific and therefore, those who were guilty went unpunished. This could have been prevented if there was specific

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN TRAVEL AND TOURISM

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN TRAVEL AND TOURISM This term paper will outline the environment where the travel and tourism industry operates. It will deliver the overview of the importance and the impact of this industry. It will consider the forces that shape the industry and the issues which affect the management of the industry. Overview The word travel and tour can be used interchangeably. Tourism can be defined as the movement from place to place with the aim of recreating ones self and provision of services for this movement. Therefore tourism can be taken as a service industry with lots of tangible and intangible parts. The tangible things may be classified into the transport systems and the hospitality services. The transport services and systems include road, air, waters and even rail. The hospitality services include accommodation, food and beverages, tours, safety, insurance and banking. The intangible services include, rest and relaxation, escape, adventure and other more new experiences (Word, 2010).Tourism started as travel for leisure and adventure in different fields and now it has come to be broadly ventured into by so many individuals. This has become a day to day event which can be broadly classified as; pilgrimage tourism, health tourism, winter tourism, and niche tourism. These classification are ta ken from the kind of activity is involved in the travel (National Database, 2010). Types of Tourism Pilgrimage tourism is a travel taken most by people of different religions to the shrines or sacred places to undertake the divine help or acts of thanks giving to demonstrate how devoted they are to their supreme. Health tourism also is associated to the welfare and believes by different people. They travel to areas thought to be of health benefit like bathing in sea water to cure skin disease. On the other hand winter tourism has increased more rapidly due to the rise in winter sports and winter board lessons. This affects areas with warm climates where people travel to for short holidays. People travel to cold areas for sled and ski competitions. This winter tourism has increased tremendously with increased speed in the railway transport and the safety of the air travel and broadly on the improved technology (Newkerala, 2008). Niche tourism is mostly oriented with risky taking activities. This is an adventure tourism which includes activities such as mountaineering and hiking. Thi s mostly involved with experimentation on the natural environment and trying to figure out the out come. Niche tourism is mainly nature and environmental oriented adventures. These adventures include what is commonly known as dark tourism which is associated with visiting the areas known to be death threatening and suffering. There are more common kind of tourism market where tourists choose to take their accommodation, food and transport avoiding using the known or established systems. There are so many types of tourism in the world today since each type is unique on itself depending on the motive of the tourists (Newkerala, 2008). Tourism and travel and its impacts Travel and tourism has become one of the major boosts in the economy of any country. Every countrys aim is to increase its income through tourism. Therefore each ministry of tourism in any country is seeking for the best ways of promoting and developing the industry. The African countries have become major beneficiaries of the industry. This has been brought about by the stability in the jobs on the developed countries. These people have a low limitation in their spending power therefore in a position to manage high budget restaurants, hotels and other recreational parks. The domestic tourism is also on the rise because of the change in the security level in the world and the improved technology (Economywatch, n.d.). The tourism industry has to adopt policies which are aimed at attracting a big number of tourists. These policies are geared to improving the products offered and raising the standards to reach the world standards. The many countries are offering promotional tools and deploying well trained personnel to undertake research activity on tourist requirements in the betterment of the industry. There is need of countries to improve the industries related to tourism for the industry to grow steadily. These industries include; food and beverage industry, hotel and lodging services, banking and insurance industry, retail market, transport and communication industry (Diaz 2001). Effects of Tourism in Developed Countries Tourism in the developing countries has come as a two way activity. It has increased the activity and the way culture is viewed and has raised curiosity exposing all cultural ways. Tourism has now become economically exploitive and upcoming side-effect of globalization. The indigenous people in the developed countries are taking this as a new source of income as service workers in tourism industry. They are also becoming tourism exhibits themselves, selling their different kinds of art, organizing dances in their villages for the visitors, preparing traditional foods and showing different types of customs. This has come as a good way of fighting the great enemy of unemployment but this has hampered the communities negatively. While this incorporates them in the new economy, they also affect them culturally as this lowers their rate of civilization. This has become more evident in the Maasai pastoral groups in Kenya and Tanzania (Azarya, 2007). Tourism and the economy Tourism has proved to be a pillar in most world economies. It is the only service sector which has proven as an economic activity depended upon by many nations irrespective of their level of development. In the developing countries it is the major foreign exchange earner than such other exports like export of agricultural produce. Tourism has affected many youths positively in these countries since their concentration is now focused on improving their services and commodities to earn a living through the tourism industry (Twarog, 2004). Tourism in the developing economies has come as welcoming activity and service. It has changed many peoples life and way of thinking towards environmental conservation. Tourism has now become a sector offering employment opportunities to many due to its links to other related economic activities. Other sectors are growing to support the running of Tourism. This has raised the need of developing policies so as to capitalize on the advantages of internationalization of markets (Diaz, 2001). Risks threatening Tourism As much as tourism is one of the world leading economic activities, it is the most vulnerable trade. This economic activity is affected by many risk factors. This leads to its unreliability in the business world. Global events such as political instability affect the trade negatively. People moving from country to country as tourists have become a threat to worl security. The terrorists are maculating as tourists to complete their evil missions. The impact felt is so much in that if this is the most valued source of income for a country then it will be fixed. Tourism has also been affected by the health-related issues such as the swine flu menace hindered free travel hence affecting the income reacted during travel. Climatical change has also affected free travel need changed the movement, pattern and position of the attractive scenes and world animals especially in African countries. This has to impact on the increased spending to promote the industrys continuity and prevent environ mental degradation (Twarog, 2004). Tourism scope Tourism has been on the limelight in the world because of the scope it covers. It is the largest harp of jobs across all regions. The jobs created by tourism are far more affecting all the sectors of any economy. It has affected the contraction, transport, agriculture, cultural issues, manufacturing, telecommunications and many more organized groups. This industry has changed the world to one large community. Due to the interaction between the many cultures and language, a common compromise is reached to bring all these people from diverse backgrounds together. This has led to positive rating given to tourism and travel as the best economically, socially and ecologically sustainable development. This has been taken due to its low impact on the environment and the natural resourced than most other industries. This industry has been directed to enjoyment and accepting of diverse cultures and building heritages and has a powerful motivation towards protecting and improving these assets. To a large extent, tourism and travel has taken root in cultivating and increasing other economic enhancers. It has lead to improved and acted as a catalyst to major economic boosters like infrastructure and local cultural diversity. Promoting tourism will help in making the income gained sustained. Due to coming up of new things each day making every area attractive for tourists, away must be devised to encourage continuous flow of income. This can only be done through advertisement via different media. Many take that the only way tourism can be sustained is through foreign visitors. This has locked many potential internal tourists who will bridge the gap created by any instability in foreign tourist. The existing attractions need to be improved and preserved. New attractions need to be identified and shown light through advertising. Irrespective of the attractions the tourists need good accommodation and better health services. The industry is mainly luxurious, these calls for improved communication, good modern tour vehicles, building modern roads (clark, 2010). Level of performance and sustainability of tourism Tourism and travel has been affected by the environment. Attractive environment appeals to tourists may it be naturally found or built. The environment in which tourism takes place include, coastal resorts, cultural interest historic sites and mountainous ranges and many more which stimulates travel are affected by tourism positively and negatively. Tourism has increased investment, conservation of features which encourage buildings, wildlife increased income. On the other hand the appealing environment is spoilt by displacement of people due to overdevelopment, increased pollution of air and noise and destroying of natural flora and fauna (Rowe et al, 2002). As any other economic activity, Tourism has to be sustainable for it to benefit the community. Tourism is set in a platform with has to support both the tourists and the host local communities. This is achieved by laying down laws and regulations which protect the rights of the community and preserve their environments. These have to be passed through proper education to both the tourists and the community for them to be enforced. Tourism also raises concerns on issues such as abuse; therefore pertinent laws have to be set as well to curb the vice. A police force has also to be set up to guard the community and the tourists maintaining peace and harmony. There should be continued training of staff handling tourists because they will be willing to pay more when they know they are going to be served by the qualified staff offering better service. With the increase improved technology, always then advertisement will look more appealing when posted on the internet. Therefore having a web site showing all the provisions tend to lower the worried of the tourisms since now they have a glimpse of what to expect. With this the industry will be giving good results (Clark, 2010). Tourism and Climate With the increase in industrialization, tourism has changed tremendously. With its close relationship with climate and the environment, Tourism in a climate sensitive sector just like other sectors such as agriculture, transport, insurance, energy and destinations. With the continued change in the climatical conditions of the world, the tourist destinations are also altered to meet the expected standards. This has raised alarm to the tourism stake holders to change and start practicing adoption to meet the tourist demands. Climate change has become one of the most influential factors in decision making. This is so because climate change is not anymore a future event but a day today occurrence. Apart from tourism being a contributor to the general country economy, it in a contributor to the climate change through greenhouse gas through transport and accommodation of the tourists. This has become another big challenge to the tourist industry. Tourism therefore has the obligation of fig hting to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions as stipulated by the international community. But also tourism sector cannot fight this war in isolation. It has to get a hand from the broad and within the context of the international sustainable development agenda. (Daniel et al (2007). Conclusion Tourism is a global harp of the countrys economy. With tourism, ideas, cultures and experiences are shared. Therefore there is a need to improve the sector by all means. Cooperation promotions should be encouraged by all means to inducement to increase the spending power of the tourists through continued research. There are recurrent problems in the sector which should be fought. The problems can only be solved by decision-makers who have the knowledge of the industry and the procedural knowledge. The wealth of knowledge can be derived from the already existing experiences and the generated knowledge from the field through watching the customer behaviors and market competitions (Wober, n.d.). With the increase in environmental changes still tourism is gaining momentum. People are moving fast to see the attraction places before they disappear rendering tourism still the most interesting part of the economy. With the interest of people wanting to visit places before they change give a reason why the contemporary issues in tourism need considered to avert the vices in the industry.

The Drunk Bus Should Be Kept Around Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive

The â€Å"Drunk Bus† Should Be Kept Around I remember hearing stories of such a thing called the â€Å"drunk bus† before I came to college, but I was not exactly sure what it was. I just figured the bus took a bunch of drunken college students to the bars when they wanted to go. Now that I am a first-year student at State U, I understand I was not that far from the truth. Some say the bus should be taken away, but the fact of the matter is the bus is a necessity at college since there will always be drinking. This way, when all of the students are done drinking at school and want to go to the bars, they are not putting themselves or any other members of the community in danger by drinking and driving. Safety is always a factor Of course, the community is concerned about safety, since most of the students at State U take advantage of the nickel pitcher nights at the popular local bar Malarky’s, they always know they have a safe ride back home without putting anyone else in the community at risk. I am certain the townspeople feel much safer knowing all the intoxicated students are on a bus...

The Theory of Social Contracts

The period of Enlightenment ushered in an age of intellectual development as well as theoretical formations on the concept of society. English political thinker Thomas Hobbes and French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau posit political treatises on the formation of social contracts as a necessity of man and eventually leads to the establishment of an ideal government. The paper will discuss first the concept of man’s nature according to both philosophers in order to determine the reason behind the formation of such contracts which will subsequently lead to the conception of governments and sovereignty. Hobbes proposes that man is essentially at war with other men, motivated by personal desire and fear of death that inhibits the formation of a peaceful society. Rousseau however, contradicts Hobbes argument of man as naturally at war but looks into a different state wherein man possesses compassion which enables the formation of ideal relationships and eventually, social contracts. We look into Hobbes’s viewpoint in his treatise Leviathan and compare and contrast several arguments with Rousseau’s On The Origin of Inequality and Social Contracts. Hobbes’ Natural Man and Covenants Hobbes’ political theory in Leviathan stipulates the formation of covenants as the final end of man’s actions, transgressing from his natural state wherein man is in constant war with himself and with others. First, we define Hobbes’ argument on the natural state of man that provides the basis of conflict. In comparison with Rousseau’s viewpoint, the nature of social contracts is reversed, wherein Rousseau’s notion of social conventions is negative compared to Hobbes’ notion of contracts as a deviation from the erring state of human nature. Hobbes argues: â€Å"For every man look that his companion should value him at the same rate he sets upon himself, and upon all signs of contempt or undervaluing naturally endeavor to extort a greater value from his condemners. So that in the nature of man, we find three principal causes of quarrel. First, competition; secondly, diffidence; thirdly, glory (Hobbes 84). The primitive state of man is bordered on Hobbes’ statement â€Å"where every man is enemy to every man† (Hobbes 85). Each individual is focused on the aspiration for personal gain, thus creating conflict or an unharmonious relationship because of completion (gain), diffidence (safety, self-preservation), and glory (reputation). The chaotic context provided in Hobbes argument consequently inhibits the concept of justice in a particular social setting. Since man is motivated by personal gain, the fear of death through self-preservation, and personal glory, there is no concept of right and wrong or even justice. Where there is no common power, there is no law; where no law, no injustice† (Hobbes 85). Thus, we see Hobbes attempt to present his first law on man’s natural state: that man, motivated by personal gain, sets himself in conflict with other men who pursue the same object. He then narrates â€Å"the passions that incline men to peace are: fear of death; desire of such things as are necessary to commodious living; and a hope by their industry to obtain them† (Hobbes 86). According to Hobbes, the natural law governing social relationships is motivated by the passions; specifically, man’s fear of death. Thus, the first natural law, in context with the natural state, is that every man has innate rights or liberty to will himself to self-preservation and that one can do anything to his body, even to another person. As long as this natural law exists, there can be no harmonious buildup of society. The second law then obligates man to create peace or to achieve peace through any means necessary and from here, man is then obligated to set such rule to all and that every right of man is necessary to be withdrawn or transferred in order to build peace; since to maintain the second rule, man will be constantly at war. The renouncement of rights is essentially good in itself because it aspires for the majority rather than the self, governed by selfish passions. However, such rights are not to be taken away by force or for an individual to force himself of withdrawing his own, since â€Å"he cannot be understood to aim thereby at any good to himself† (Hobbes 91). Renouncement of rights should be voluntary and by choice, in order to determine the goodness which will benefit the majority. Thus, social contracts or covenants are formed. Hobbes argues that for a man to achieve peace, it is necessary to break away, through the tenets of reason, from the natural state wherein every individual is motivated by personal gain and fear of death. This fear motivates the individual, in relation to self-preservation, to create contracts with other men in order to achieve peace, wherein the value of life becomes the unifying factor for all; thus creating peace and harmony. Covenants are then considered to be the agreements that will benefit two parties aspiring for different objects. Justice then presents itself in the presence of covenants, for justice occurs when an individual performs or acts upon the agreement or covenant while injustice is the failure to establish covenants which inadvertently places the individual in his former natural state. Hobbes definition of the natural state and the natural law focuses on the importance of self-preservation or the fear of the death in relation to the individual. In contrast with Rousseau, the formation of contract is that of beneficial to man rather than Rousseau’s argument that society itself that provides inequality and conflict. Contracts, through reason, necessitate a societal framework that is governed by the inexpressible right of every man to survival and preservation of life. The Commonwealth. For Hobbes, the ideal form of government is the formation of the commonwealth which acts as the â€Å"final cause, end or design of men (who naturally love liberty and dominion over others) in the introduction of that restraint upon themselves, in which we see them live in Commonwealths, is the foresight of their own preservation, and of a more contented life thereby† (Hobbes 116). The formation of covenants, which represent a duty-bound notion to aspire for peaceful societal conditions, inevitably leads to its conception wherein the withdrawal of individual rights is penultimate toward its formation. Conventions serve the function as a mean toward the aspiration of the common power or will of the majority. Common power acts as a protection against external attack or injuries that an individual may cause upon the other and is formed through the transcendence of personal right to a man or an assembly: â€Å"Confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their will, by plurality of their voice, unto one will: which is as much to say, to appoint one man, or assembly of men, to bear their person† (Hobbes 118). Every man should then willingly state: â€Å"I authorize and give up my right of governing myself to this man, or to this assembly of men, on this condition; that thou give up thy right to him and authorize all his action in like manner† (Hobbes 118). We take into context a mix between a democracy (representation of the few) and monarchy (rule by a sovereign). However, Hobbes’ monarchy is not entirely absolute, ruled by the elite or loyalty; rather Hobbes’ conception of monarchy focuses on the rule of a sovereign where powers are granted by the conventions of the majority. From such, the sovereign is then obligated to perform the powers bestowed upon the social covenants; the sovereign itself being a representation of the general will of the people. The Commonwealth The sovereign, either instituted in one man or an assembly of men, is bestowed power of the withheld rights by society or subjects. As sovereign, its responsibility lies on any action or authorization to ensure the presence of duration of peace and to create any means necessary to protect individuals from others as well as to protect attacks from other societies. According to Hobbes, there are only three kinds of commonwealth and nothing else; a democracy, monarchy, or aristocracy. Hobbes does not believe that no man aspires for a turbulent and rocky society. However, Hobbes is partial toward a monarchial government, which, according to him, generally embodies the conventions made by man, and in essence, the nature of a commonwealth: â€Å"The riches power and honor of a monarch arise only from the riches, strength, and reputation of his subject. For no king can be rich nor glorious, nor secure, whose subjects are either poor, or contemptible, or too weak through want, or dissension† (Hobbes 130). Amor Propre and Civil Society On the other hand, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s work Discourse on Inequality and Social Contract primarily present arguments against Hobbes’ definition on the natural state of man in contrast with social systems and conventions. Rousseau argues on the condition of the human soul as it progresses from its distinct natural form up until the pure state of man is transformed through social relationships or systems. First, he argues the physical differences of man, which in essence, does not ultimately provide a firm basis of inequality: I conceive that there are two kinds of inequality among the human species; one which I call natural or physical, because it is established by nature, and consists in a difference of age, health, bodily strength, and the qualities of the mind or the soul; and another, which may be called moral or political inequality, because it depends on a kind of convention. (Rousseau 1) Apart from physical differences, inequality falls under the moral or political sense. In the context of social structure, inequality lies on the ladder of power and wealth, wherein the notion of civil society is created by the rich in order to suppress the poor of wealth and maintain power among the elite few. In contrast with Hobbes, Rousseau presents a different view of man’s natural state wherein man is savage in nature wherein ideas are generated by sense experience. But in opposition to regular animals, man has reason that establishes himself apart from common animals. The natural behavior of man is similar to that of Hobbes’ viewpoint but differs in motivation. According to Rousseau, the basic instinct of man is self-preservation, free will and compassion; the last being the most important part in man’s natural state wherein Hobbes contends to man’s natural war with the other. He contends Hobbes’ view of man’s nature which compels him with the fear of death. However, Rousseau argues: â€Å"the knowledge of death and its terrors being one of the first acquisitions made by man in departing from an animal state† (Rousseau 17). In contrast, Hobbes’ provides death as a motivator for withdrawing personal rights in order to achieve peace while Rousseau presents reason as a way of fighting the irrational passions that push him out of his natural state. In addition, compassion is the important natural virtue that contradicts selfish impulses or vices which come from the passions or irrational tendencies of man. Rousseau narrates that Hobbes’ definition of man does not provide himself with an idea of goodness, that man may be considered as evil. Rousseau’s view presents man, in his primitive state, as essentially good, and possesses virtue. â€Å"so many writers have hastily concluded that man is naturally cruel, and requires civil institutions to make him more mild; whereas nothing is more gentle than man in his primitive state, as he is placed by nature at an equal distance from the stupidity of brutes† (Rousseau 47). Compassion is the most important aspect of man, along with innate desires of preservation, reason and free will. It is this compassion that hurries us without reflection to the relief of those who are in distress: it is this which in a state of nature supplies the place of laws, morals, and virtue, with the advantage that none are tempted to disobey its gentle voice† (Rousseau 31). Compassion generates interaction with other men and the natural instinct of self-preservation, as times continue to progress, enables the individual to improve living conditions. Thus, the combination of compass ion, reason, self-preservation enables the individual to form conventions with other men. However, the problem lies with the development of amour propre, the subsequent regularity of conventions where man’s reason is garbled to a false sense of dependency on the individuals through improvement of self-perception and acquiring favor. The natural, non-invasive self-love is transformed to a more self-centered and jealous love of others. â€Å"Man must now, therefore, have been perpetually employed in getting others to interest themselves in his lot and in making them, apparently at least, if not really, find their advantage in promoting his own† (Rousseau 51). This corrosive notion of self-love produces competition, comparison with others, hatred, and the continuous search of ambition and power: â€Å"In a word, there arose rivalry and competition on the one hand and conflicting interests on the other, together with a secret desire on both profiting at the expense of others† (Rousseau 51). The Social Contract Thus, Rousseau defines man’s state of nature as it develops amour propre. To deviate from the natural state, the formation of social contract is evident in order to rid of the evils pertaining civil society. According to Rousseau, the conception of social contracts delimits the individual from inequality and therefore frees himself from the trappings of social classification. The purpose of the contract is to establish a body that will inadvertently defend the rights of the individual and the right of society as a while. Similar to that of Hobbes’ notion, social contracts are meant to deviate the condition of human nature from its amoral/evil sense in order to create society focused on peace. The social contract, in Rousseau’s perspective, is founded on the presence of the general will: â€Å"Each of us puts his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will, and in our corporate capacity, we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole† (Rousseau Social Contract, 59). The general will is the summation of all opinions of the majority, which in turn acts as an abstract form that aims toward the good of all. Rousseau also posits the idea of a sovereign which acts a representative of the people. The people however, in Rousseau’s form of government, are not represented by senators or magistrates but represent themselves as a symbol of the general will. Sovereign Similarities Both philosophers argue on the importance of social contracts in establishing relationships with people in order to construct an acceptable and peaceful social framework. Both stress the importance of the ‘natural’ law of man to deviate himself from his primary state and is obligated to create a world without indifference and conflict through commonality of opinions and desire. The difference lies on both philosophers account of man’s nature, wherein Hobbes argues that man is essentially evil and it is through civil relationship that man refines himself and achieves peace. Rousseau contradicts Hobbes’ arguments that he had failed to include compassion as a virtue in man’s natural state. Rousseau opines negatively toward civil societies, that conventions itself ruin man’s natural state through social classification and levels of power. Instead, Rousseau posits man as a docile creature until society corrupts his natural state. On the subject of contracts, both thinkers apply the same rule for the formation of social agreement as majority of society transfers its rights toward a sovereign that which governs and protects them. However, Hobbes is partial toward a monarchial government wherein it is suited with the embodiment of his covenants while Rousseau proposes the same powers for a sovereign but also adds the presence of the government to mitigate the function of the sovereign who acts as the representation of the general will while the government attends to particular or private wills. Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments Economic theorist Adam Smith proposes on his treatise Theory of Moral Sentiments the formation of a consciousness in the perspective of a leader, or in Rousseau’s/Hobbes’ context, a sovereign, in order to determine, apart from proper behavior, the rules and regulations that one must impose upon the subjects of society. Smith narrates: â€Å"We suppose ourselves the spectators of our own behavior, and to endeavor to imagine what effect it would, in this light produce upon us† (Smith 112). In context of a sovereign, it is essential, according to Smith, to examine actions and decisions through a detached position wherein the leader supposes himself to be a common citizen that according to theory, provides the power and responsibility of governance. Thus, rules imposed upon the subjects of sovereignty should be taken into proper consideration by the sovereign, so as to measure the worth and value of behavior reflection upon society, according to Smith. For example, a ruler’s ethical behavior is dependent on the laws in which he imposes over the ruled. Harsh policies that generally disfavor society imply that the ruler may be arrogant and selfish and therefore does not suit the position. Lenient policies on the other hand may imply a carefree attitude with the lack of seriousness that a good leader must possess. Thus, rules and impositions should situate itself in the middle rather than the extreme and through Smith’s propositions, the leader must then view rules as an ordinary citizen. In relation to Hobbes’ and Rousseau’s social theories, the concept of the sovereign is created by the people and represents the general will. Therefore, there is an implication of a natural balance of power between the governed and the sovereign. In Hobbes view, the sovereign’s duty is dictated or authored by the subjects and therefore cannot harm the governed whether through abuse or dereliction of duty; rather, the formation of laws and policies are in relation toward the fulfillment of the commonwealth’s purpose – that is, the preservation of peace. However, Hobbes monarchial standpoint does not entirely agree with Smith’s proposition since the monarch, utilizing the commonwealth’s purpose, has the power of censorship on speech, publication or any other form of expression that may disturb the peaceful status quo. Thus, Smith’s proposal cannot be applied with Hobbes’s notion of government. However, Rousseau takes into consideration the general will of the populace that also gives right and power to the sovereign. But Rousseau does not imply the purpose of peace in his government; rather, he focuses on the general will as given power. The sovereign has then the duty to make sure that laws do not violate the freedom of every individual for it is they who had created power in the first place.

The US National Debt

â€Å"Spending financed not by current tax receipts, but by borrowing or drawing upon past tax reserves. † Is it a good idea? Why does the U. S. run a deficit? Since 1980 the deficit has grown enormously. Some say it is a bad thing, and predict impending doom, others say it is a safe and stable necessity to maintain a healthy economy. For nearly 150 years the U. S. government managed to keep a balanced budget. The only time a budget deficit existed during these years was in times of war or other catastrophic events. For instance, the government created deficits during the War of 1812, the recession of 1837, the Civil War, the depression of the 1890s, and World War I. However, once each incident ended the deficit would be eliminated. The economy was much stronger than the accumulated debt and would therefore quickly absorb it. The last time the budget ran a surplus was in 1969 during Nixon’s presidency. Budget deficits have grown larger and more frequent in the last half-century. In the 1980s they soared to record levels. The government cut income tax rates, greatly increased defense spending, and didn’t cut domestic spending enough to make up the difference. The deep recession of the early 1980s reduced revenues, raising the deficit and forcing the Government to spend much more on paying interest for the national debt at a time when interest rates were high. As a result, the national debt grew exponentially in size after 1980. It grew from $709 billion to $3. 3 trillion in 1990, only one decade later. (See Table 1) Federal spending has grown over the years. If you compare actual dollars and their proportion to the economy (Gross Domestic Product, or GDP), much of it began in the 1930s. Beginning with the â€Å"New Deal†, the Federal Government came to play a much larger role in American life. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to use the full powers of his office to end the Great Depression. He and Congress greatly expanded Federal programs. Federal spending, which totaled less than $4 billion in 1931, went up to nearly $7 billion in 1934 and then over $8 billion in 1936. U. S. entry into World War II sent annual Federal spending soaring to over $91 billion by 1944. Thus began the ever-increasing debt of the United States. Is our debt increasing as fast as we think it is? The dollar amount of the debt may increase but often times so does the amount of money or GDP to pay for the debt. Some believe a deficit allows more people to work, increasing productivity. A deficit does this because it is invested into the economy by government. For example, if the government spends deficit money on new highways, trucking will benefit and more jobs will be produced. When an economic system is in recession all of its resources are not being used. For instance, if the government did not build highways we could not ship goods and thereby decrease demand for them. Because we cannot ship the items, the supply remains low even though we have the ability to produce more. This non-productivity comes at a cost to the whole economic system. If deficit spending eliminates non-productivity then its direct monetary cost will be offset, if not surpassed, by increased productivity. In the 1980’s when the huge deficits were adding up, the actual additions to the public capital or increased productivity were often as big or bigger than the deficit. This means that as long as the government spends the money it gains from a deficit on assets that increase its wealth and productivity, the debt actually benefits the economy. But what if the government spends money on programs that do not increase its assets or productivity? Consider small businesses for instance. A company invests money to hire a new salesman. He will probably increase sales and the company will regain what it spent hiring him. If the company spends money on paper clips when they already have staplers they will just lose money. This frivolous spending is what makes a deficit dangerous. The government’s net worth decreases which risks putting it into serious debt. Debt should not be a problem because we can just borrow more, right? This statement would be correct if our ability to borrow was unlimited, but it is not. At first the government borrowed internally from private sectors. The government did this by selling bonds to the private sectors, essentially reallocating its own countries funds to spend on its country. This works fine in a recession, but when the country is at or near its full capability for production it cannot increase supply through investment of deficit dollars. Deficit dollars then translate into demand for goods that aren’t being produced. Referring back to the small business example, if a company is selling all the products it can produce they can still hire another salesman. However, since there are no more goods to be sold, the salesman only increases the number of consumers demanding the product. The problems of deficit spending out of a recession even out through two negative possibilities, inflation and crowding out. Inflation means there is more demand or money than there are goods this causes an increase in prices and drives down the worth of the dollar. This depreciation of the dollar counters the cost of the deficit but destroys the purchasing power of the dollar. A five-dollar debt is still a five-dollar debt even if the five dollars are only worth what used to be a five-cent piece of bubble gum. Despite its danger, inflation is used to some extent to curb the debt. Crowding out is when the government is looking for the same capital that the business sector wants to invest. This causes fierce competition for funds to invest. The fierce competition causes an increase in interest rates and often business will decide against further investment and growth. The government may have the money to build new highways but the truckers cannot afford trucks to use on them. The governments needs will â€Å"crowd out† business needs. This turns potential assets into waste. However, there is a third option that would allow the government to run a deficit and avoid the negative aspects of inflation and crowding out. Borrowing from foreign sources is a tangible and recently very common practice. Attracted by high interest rates and stability, foreigners now buy huge amounts of U. S. national debt. Of course this cannot be the perfect solution otherwise no one would be concerned about the debt. The problem with borrowing from external sources is the lack of control the government has over foreign currency and debts. Internal debts can be paid with increased taxes, inflation, and other monetary controls the government has. External debts can extremely damaging to a country if it cannot buy enough of the foreign currency to pay the interest. Running a deficit is apparently good for an economy that is operating inside its production possibilities curve but it can be damaging to an economy otherwise. A deficit managed properly has the effect of increasing demands. An economy inside its curve can increase supplies in reaction. An economy on the curve can increase demand but its supplies cannot increase causing prices to rise, or inflation. If there is no deficit and the curve shifts to the right then supplies will not increase and the country will no longer be operating on the curve. A deficit must be maintained to insure that the economy grows with its resources. Is the US’s current debt bad or good? The trick is finding out how large the deficit should be in order to allow for growth without waste. The US’s deficit is bad at this point because the U. S. is close to its maximum production capabilities, and deficit money is being wasted. For example two of the largest portions of the budget: defense and social security. Defense spending produces little or nothing except in times of war. The way social security is managed creates a huge waste. As managed, social security is money spent to immobilize a large and fairly capable part of the work force. It encourages elderly people not to work by spending deficit money on them. Reducing productivity and increasing the debt at the same time. In its current state, the U. S. should attempt to reduce its deficit. However, eliminating it is not necessary and could do more damage than good.